al-Qoran'e l-Kareem [2]: 275-281
Those who consume interest cannot stand [on the Day of Resurrection] except as one stands who is being beaten by Satan into insanity. That is because they say, "Trade is [just] like interest." But Allah has permitted trade and has forbidden interest. So whoever has received an admonition from his Lord and desists may have what is past, and his affair rests with Allah . But whoever returns to [dealing in interest or usury] - those are the companions of the Fire; they will abide eternally therein.
Allah destroys interest and gives increase for charities. And Allah does not like every sinning disbeliever.
Indeed, those who believe and do righteous deeds and establish prayer and give zakah will have their reward with their Lord, and there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve.
O you who have believed, fear Allah and give up what remains [due to you] of interest, if you should be believers.
And if you do not, then be informed of a war [against you] from Allah and His Messenger. But if you repent, you may have your principal - [thus] you do no wrong, nor are you wronged.
And if someone is in hardship, then [let there be] postponement until [a time of] ease. But if you give [from your right as] charity, then it is better for you, if you only knew.
And fear a Day when you will be returned to Allah . Then every soul will be compensated for what it earned, and they will not be treated unjustly.
Meaning:
Riba literally means ziyadah (addition / increase). In terms (shar'e), riba means addition that the lender take it from the borrower for term.
Kinds of Riba:
Riba that is haram (forbidden) (1) in Islam consists of two kinds; riba nasi`ah and riba fadl.
Riba Nasi`ah is also known as riba jahiliyyah that lend a certain amount of money for a limited period (like a month or a year) with a requirement to increase (money) peer over a term (period).
Riba Fadl happens when you sell the similar / same thing with an addition like barter 1 pon of wheat by 2 pons of the other wheat or selling 1 litre of sha-mey (2) honey by 1.5 litres of hijazey (2) honey.
As hadits Rasulullah Saw. said:
"As cited by Abu Said al-Khudri (ra), Prophet Muhammad (Saw) said: Gold for gold transactions must be done in equal amounts, like for like, hand to hand (in cash values); any excess in riba; silver for silver transactions must be done similarly, like for like, hand to hand; any excess is riba; wheat for wheat must be done likewise; any excess is riba; powder for powder must be traded in equal muasures; so must dates for dates, and salt for salt; any excess is riba." (narrated by Muslim).
And Riba is haraam even if it just "a little riba".
Karim (2005) said that riba nasi'ah is different than riba jahiliyyah. So, riba nasi'ah for him is usury that arises a lending or borrowing transaction that does not meet the criteria of al ghunmu bil ghurmi (that profit goes along with risk) and al kharaj bi dhaman (income goes along with expense). Such a transaction contains an exchange of lialibility only because of the passage of time.
Lathaef'e Tafseer:
a- The mean of "el-Aklu" in ayah is absolute taking and disposition in ta'beer الذين يأكلون الربا (al-Quran 2: 275) because it is the primary purpose of property
b- "The God blight riba and rears Shadaqah,and Allah does not like every sinning disbeliever (al-Quran 2: 276)" means that Riba is decreasing reason without development, and Shadaqah is developing reason without decrease
c- Quran.Sunnah 2:279 فأذنوابحرب منالله ورسوله
means denying war for magnification and Allah has increased it in majesty and "Haulan"
(1) haram is one of five laws in Islam that the executor going to get sin or crimed and someone who left it going to be rewarded.
(2) names of two cities in arabic land
Tafseer al-Ayat al-Ahkam min al-Qur`an, Volume 1, by Muhammad 'Ali as-Shabuni
Islamic Banking, 3rd Edition, by Adiwarman Karim, Jakarta
and google translation
